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docs(c_test): Add a poc regarding results in c

This commit is contained in:
Benedikt Peetz 2024-05-19 12:01:01 +02:00
parent 31493968b5
commit f5186ed5ce
9 changed files with 710 additions and 0 deletions
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1
c_test/.ccls Normal file
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gcc

10
c_test/.envrc Normal file
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use flake || use nix
watch_file flake.nix
PATH_add ./target
PATH_add ./scripts
if on_git_branch; then
echo && git status --short --branch &&
echo && git fetch --verbose
fi

7
c_test/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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# build
/target
/result
# dev env
.direnv
.ccls-cache

129
c_test/flake.lock Normal file
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{
"nodes": {
"flake-compat": {
"flake": false,
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1696426674,
"narHash": "sha256-kvjfFW7WAETZlt09AgDn1MrtKzP7t90Vf7vypd3OL1U=",
"owner": "edolstra",
"repo": "flake-compat",
"rev": "0f9255e01c2351cc7d116c072cb317785dd33b33",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "edolstra",
"repo": "flake-compat",
"type": "github"
}
},
"flake-utils": {
"inputs": {
"systems": [
"systems"
]
},
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1710146030,
"narHash": "sha256-SZ5L6eA7HJ/nmkzGG7/ISclqe6oZdOZTNoesiInkXPQ=",
"owner": "numtide",
"repo": "flake-utils",
"rev": "b1d9ab70662946ef0850d488da1c9019f3a9752a",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "numtide",
"repo": "flake-utils",
"type": "github"
}
},
"flake_version_update": {
"inputs": {
"flake-utils": [
"flake-utils"
],
"nixpkgs": [
"nixpkgs"
],
"systems": [
"systems"
]
},
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1685288691,
"narHash": "sha256-oP6h34oJ8rm6KlUpyZrX+ww3hnoWny2ecrEXxkU7F3c=",
"ref": "refs/heads/prime",
"rev": "e9a97e01eca780bd16e1dbdbd8856b59558f4959",
"revCount": 5,
"type": "git",
"url": "https://codeberg.org/soispha/flake_version_update.git"
},
"original": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://codeberg.org/soispha/flake_version_update.git"
}
},
"nixpkgs": {
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1711715736,
"narHash": "sha256-9slQ609YqT9bT/MNX9+5k5jltL9zgpn36DpFB7TkttM=",
"owner": "NixOS",
"repo": "nixpkgs",
"rev": "807c549feabce7eddbf259dbdcec9e0600a0660d",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "NixOS",
"ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
"repo": "nixpkgs",
"type": "github"
}
},
"root": {
"inputs": {
"flake-compat": "flake-compat",
"flake-utils": "flake-utils",
"flake_version_update": "flake_version_update",
"nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
"systems": "systems",
"treefmt-nix": "treefmt-nix"
}
},
"systems": {
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1680978846,
"narHash": "sha256-Gtqg8b/v49BFDpDetjclCYXm8mAnTrUzR0JnE2nv5aw=",
"owner": "nix-systems",
"repo": "x86_64-linux",
"rev": "2ecfcac5e15790ba6ce360ceccddb15ad16d08a8",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "nix-systems",
"repo": "x86_64-linux",
"type": "github"
}
},
"treefmt-nix": {
"inputs": {
"nixpkgs": [
"nixpkgs"
]
},
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1711803027,
"narHash": "sha256-Qic3OvsVLpetchzaIe2hJqgliWXACq2Oee6mBXa/IZQ=",
"owner": "numtide",
"repo": "treefmt-nix",
"rev": "1810d51a015c1730f2fe05a255258649799df416",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "numtide",
"repo": "treefmt-nix",
"type": "github"
}
}
},
"root": "root",
"version": 7
}

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c_test/flake.nix Normal file
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{
description = "[can be empty]";
inputs = {
nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
treefmt-nix = {
url = "github:numtide/treefmt-nix";
inputs = {
nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
};
};
flake_version_update = {
url = "git+https://codeberg.org/soispha/flake_version_update.git";
inputs = {
systems.follows = "systems";
nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
flake-utils.follows = "flake-utils";
};
};
# inputs for following
systems = {
url = "github:nix-systems/x86_64-linux"; # only evaluate for this system
};
flake-compat = {
url = "github:edolstra/flake-compat";
flake = false;
};
flake-utils = {
url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
inputs = {
systems.follows = "systems";
};
};
};
outputs = {
self,
nixpkgs,
flake-utils,
treefmt-nix,
flake_version_update,
...
}:
flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system: let
pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages."${system}";
nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [valgrind pandoc];
treefmtEval = import ./treefmt.nix {inherit treefmt-nix pkgs;};
# This version is set automatically on `cog bump --auto`;
version = "v0.1.0"; # GUIDING VERSION STRING
pname = "c_test";
build = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
inherit pname version;
src = ./.;
makeFlags = ["PREFIX=${placeholder "out"}" "BIN_VERSION=${version}"];
inherit nativeBuildInputs;
};
in {
packages.default = build;
checks = {
inherit build;
formatting = treefmtEval.config.build.check self;
};
formatter = treefmtEval.config.build.wrapper;
devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
packages = with pkgs; [
cocogitto
flake_version_update.packages."${system}".default
licensure
];
inherit nativeBuildInputs;
env = {
GCC_COLORS = "error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01";
};
};
});
}
# vim: ts=2

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PREFIX := /usr/local
BINPREFIX := $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
MANPREFIX := $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/man/man1
BIN_NAME := c_test
# This version is set automatically on `cog bump --auto`;
BIN_VERSION := "v0.1.0" # GUIDING VERSION STRING
# The trailing slash is important
BUILD_DIR := ./target/
BIN_PATH := $(BUILD_DIR)$(BIN_NAME)
SRC := $(wildcard src/*.c)
OBJ := $(SRC:.c=.o)
DEP := $(OBJ:.o=.d)
LIBS :=
ALL_CFLAGS := -O3 -MMD -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
ALL_LDFLAGS := $(addprefix -l,$(LIBS)) -L $(LD_LIBRARY_PATH) $(LDFLAGS)
default: all
all: $(BIN_NAME)
$(BIN_NAME): $(OBJ)
$(CC) $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR),$(notdir $(OBJ))) -o $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR),$(notdir $(BIN_NAME))) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS)
$(OBJ): $(SRC)
mkdir --parents $(BUILD_DIR)
$(CC) -c $< -o $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR),$(notdir $(OBJ))) $(ALL_CFLAGS)
manual:
mkdir --parents $(BUILD_DIR)docs
pandoc "./docs/$(BIN_NAME).1.md" -s -t man > $(BUILD_DIR)docs/$(BIN_NAME).1
.PHONY : clean options install memory_leak_test
options:
@echo "PREFIX = $(PREFIX)"
@echo "BINPREFIX = $(BINPREFIX)"
@echo "MANPREFIX = $(MANPREFIX)"
@echo ""
@echo "BIN_NAME = $(BIN_NAME)"
@echo "BUILD_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)"
@echo "BIN_PATH = $(BIN_PATH)"
@echo ""
@echo "SRC = $(SRC)"
@echo "OBJ = $(OBJ)"
@echo "DEP = $(DEP)"
@echo ""
@echo "LIBS = $(LIBS)"
@echo ""
@echo "ALL_CFLAGS = $(ALL_CFLAGS)"
@echo "ALL_LDFLAGS = $(ALL_LDFLAGS)"
@echo ""
clean :
rm --recursive $(BUILD_DIR)
install: $(BIN_NAME) manual
install -D $(BUILD_DIR)docs/$(BIN_NAME).1 $(MANPREFIX)/$(BIN_NAME);
install -D $(BUILD_DIR)$(BIN_NAME) $(BINPREFIX)/$(BIN_NAME);
memory_leak_test:
sh ./scripts/valgrind_test.sh $(BIN_NAME)

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c_test/result.h Normal file
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#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
/**
* @file result.h
* Provides an alternative to exceptions, whose semantics are slightly better
* than exceptions
*
* C does not support exceptions. Many C functions instead return a status code
* reporting what happened. Alternatively, many C libraries allow a callback to
* be logged in order to report a detailed description of any errors that
* occurred. However, the programming language known as Rust deliberately left
* out exceptions; instead they opted for return values to report errors, with a
* `RESULT` type. This type contains the actual value if there is one, or some
* error otherwise.
*
* This is the approach that this file defines.
*/
/**
* @brief A macro which gives the value of a `RESULT` if present, else returns
* the result.
* @details Do not use this twice on the same line.
*
* Example Usage:
* @code
* RESULT(int) someResultFromFn = ...;
*
* int value;
*
* RESULT_M_TRY(int, value, someResultFromFn);
* @endcode
*
* @param type The type of the `RESULT(type)`
* @param dest The location to write the new result into
* @param result The old result
* @return nothing. (wrapped in `do-while`)
*
* @see RESULT_M_TRY_DECL
*/
#define RESULT_M_TRY(type, dest, result) \
do { \
RESULT(type) _result_##type##_try_at_##__LINE__ = result; \
if (_result_##type##_try_at_##__LINE__.err) { \
return _result_##type##_try_at_##__LINE__; \
} \
dest = _result_##type##_try_at_##__LINE__.value; \
} while (0)
/**
* @brief A macro which gives the value of a `RESULT` if present, else returns
* the result.
* @details Do not use this twice on the same line.
*
* Example Usage:
* @code
* RESULT(int) myFn(int someParam) {
* ....
* }
*
* RESULT(int) function() {
* RESULT_M_TRY_DECL(int, val, myFn(1));
* // equivalent to:
* RESULT(int) r = myFn(1);
* if (!RESULT_IS_OK(int)(r)) return r;
* int val = RESULT_UNWRAP(r);
* }
* @endcode
*
* @param type The type of the `RESULT(type)`
* @param dest The location to write the new result into
* @param result The old result
* @return nothing. (wrapped in `do-while`)
*
* @see RESULT_M_TRY
*/
#define RESULT_M_TRY_DECL(type, dest, result) \
type dest; \
RESULT_M_TRY(type, dest, result)
/**
* @brief Template for a RESULT class (similar to the one that the language Rust
* has). This is the typename.
* @details This macro expands to a unique name per type, so `RESULT(int)` is
* roughly equivalent to the C++ `RESULT<int>`. Note that
* `RESULT(int*)` will not compile; if you want to use something along
* those lines, you must typedef it first.
*
* For the error strings, you must use string literals or something
* with storage duration, so the pointer doesn't become invalidated.
*
* @param The template parameter
* @return `Result_ type`, so `RESULT(int)` is `Result_int` Each macro of this
* sort follows that convention, and you can rely on it
*/
#define RESULT(type) Result_##type
// Class functions
/**
* @brief Creates a result which holds a value of `type`
* @details Indicates that no error occurred, and that the computed value from
* the function can be retrieved via `RESULT_UNWRAP`.
*
* @param type value
* @return Returns a `RESULT(type)` containing a `type`
*/
#define RESULT_OK(type) Result_##type##_Ok
/**
* @brief Creates a result which indicates that an error occurred.
* @details Indicates that an error occurred in the function. Similar to an
* exception in other languages.
*
* @param const char * error message
* @return Returns a `RESULT(type)` that does not contain a `type`
*/
#define RESULT_ERR(type) Result_##type##_Err
// methods
/**
* @brief Tests if the `RESULT` actually contains a `type` (else it was an
* error)
*
* @return `true` if calling `RESULT_UNWRAP` is safe, else `false`
*/
#define RESULT_IS_OK(type) Result_##type##_is_ok
/**
* @brief Tests if the `RESULT` doesn't contain a `type` (else it was ok)
*
* @return `true` if calling `RESULT_UNWRAP_ERR` is safe, else `false`
*/
#define RESULT_IS_ERR(type) Result_##type##_is_err
/**
* @brief Unwraps the `RESULT` into a `type`, panicking if impossible
* @details If `RESULT_IS_OK`, this returns the `type` value of the `RESULT`.
* Otherwise, this panics.
*
* @return `type` that is contained in the `RESULT`, or could `exit()`
*
* @see RESULT_EXPECT
*/
#define RESULT_UNWRAP(type) Result_##type##_unwrap
/**
* @brief Unwraps the `RESULT` into a `type`, panicking with the error message
* if impossible
* @details Similar to `RESULT_UNWRAP`, except this has a specialized error
* message
*
* @param const char * the error message on failure
* @return `type` contained in `RESULT`, else terminates the program
*
* @see RESULT_UNWRAP
*/
#define RESULT_EXPECT(type) Result_##type##_expect
/**
* @brief Unwraps the `RESULT` into a `type`, returning the supplied alternative
* otherwise
* @details If `RESULT_IS_OK`, this returns the `type` value of the `RESULT`.
* Otherwise, this returns the alternative supplied in the function
* arguments.
*
* @param type or_else The value returned if the unwrap failed
* @return `type` contained in `RESULT`, or the alternative
*
* @see RESULT_UNWRAP
* @see RESULT_EXPECT
*/
#define RESULT_UNWRAP_OR(type) Result_##type##_unwrap_or
/**
* @brief Unwraps the `RESULT` into an error string, panicking if impossible
* @details If `RESULT_IS_ERR`, this returns error message of the `RESULT`.
* Otherwise, this panics.
*
* @param const char * the error string
* @return error string in the RESULT, or could terminate
*
* @see RESULT_EXPECT
*/
#define RESULT_UNWRAP_ERR(type) Result_##type##_unwrap_err
/**
* @brief Declares a RESULT type for use.
* @details This declares the struct and functions for a given type. Note that
* the functions still need to be defined. The values inside the struct
* are implementation details, and may change at any time; do not use
* them.
*
* @param template parameter
*
* @see RESULT_DEFINE
*/
#define RESULT_DECLARE(type) \
typedef struct RESULT(type) { \
type value; \
/* string literals only */ \
const char *err; \
} RESULT(type); \
RESULT(type) RESULT_OK(type)(type value); \
RESULT(type) RESULT_ERR(type)(const char *err); \
bool RESULT_IS_OK(type)(const RESULT(type) *); \
bool RESULT_IS_ERR(type)(const RESULT(type) *); \
type RESULT_UNWRAP(type)(const RESULT(type) *); \
type RESULT_EXPECT(type)(const RESULT(type) *, const char *); \
type RESULT_UNWRAP_OR(type)(const RESULT(type) *, type); \
const char *RESULT_UNWRAP_ERR(type)(const RESULT(type) *);
/**
* @brief Defines all the functions for the given `RESULT(type)`
* @details Defines each and every function necessary to use the `RESULT`.
*
* @param template parameter
*
* @see RESULT_DECLARE
*/
#define RESULT_DEFINE(type) \
RESULT(type) RESULT_OK(type)(type value) { \
RESULT(type) res = {.value = value, .err = NULL}; \
return res; \
} \
RESULT(type) RESULT_ERR(type)(const char *err) { \
RESULT(type) res = {.err = err}; \
return res; \
} \
bool RESULT_IS_OK(type)(const RESULT(type) * res) { \
return res->err == NULL; \
} \
bool RESULT_IS_ERR(type)(const RESULT(type) * res) { \
return res->err != NULL; \
} \
type RESULT_UNWRAP(type)(const RESULT(type) * res) { \
if (RESULT_IS_ERR(type)(res)) \
panicf("Attempted to unwrap empty Result of type " #type \
". Instead had error: %s", \
res->err); \
return res->value; \
} \
type RESULT_EXPECT(type)(const RESULT(type) * res, \
const char *message_on_err) { \
if (RESULT_IS_ERR(type)(res)) \
panic(message_on_err); \
return res->value; \
} \
type RESULT_UNWRAP_OR(type)(const RESULT(type) * res, type else_val) { \
if (RESULT_IS_ERR(type)(res)) \
return else_val; \
return res->value; \
} \
const char *RESULT_UNWRAP_ERR(type)(const RESULT(type) * res) { \
if (RESULT_IS_OK(type)(res)) \
panic("Result was not an error; type: " #type); \
return res->err; \
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define Result(ok, err) struct result_##ok##_##err
typedef const char *string;
enum ResultTag {
OK,
ERR,
};
Result(u_int32_t, string) {
enum ResultTag tag;
union {
u_int32_t ok;
string err;
} value;
};
Result(string, ResultTag) {
enum ResultTag tag;
union {
string ok;
enum ResultTag err;
} value;
};
Result(u_int32_t, string) get_a() {
int r = rand(); // Returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX.
Result(u_int32_t, string) result;
if (r % 2 == 0) {
result.value.ok = 32;
result.tag = OK;
} else {
result.value.err = "Can't access a! Have you run the foo?";
result.tag = ERR;
}
return result;
}
Result(string, ResultTag) get_b() {
int r = rand(); // Returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX.
Result(string, ResultTag) result;
if (r % 2 == 0) {
result.value.ok = "Wow could defudge the foo!";
result.tag = OK;
} else {
result.value.err = ERR;
result.tag = ERR;
}
return result;
}
int main() {
srand(time(NULL)); // Initialization, should only be called once.
printf("Hello World!\n");
Result(u_int32_t, string) result = get_a();
if (result.tag == OK) {
printf("Result is ok with value: '%d'\n", result.value.ok);
} else {
printf("Result is err with value: '%s'\n", result.value.err);
}
Result(string, ResultTag) result_b = get_b();
if (result.tag == OK) {
printf("Result B is ok with value: '%s'\n", result_b.value.ok);
} else {
printf("Result B is err with value: '%i'\n", result_b.value.err);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

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{
treefmt-nix,
pkgs,
}:
treefmt-nix.lib.evalModule pkgs (
{pkgs, ...}: {
# Used to find the project root
projectRootFile = "flake.nix";
programs = {
alejandra.enable = true;
rustfmt.enable = true;
clang-format.enable = true;
mdformat.enable = true;
shfmt = {
enable = true;
indent_size = 4;
};
shellcheck.enable = true;
prettier = {
settings = {
arrowParens = "always";
bracketSameLine = false;
bracketSpacing = true;
editorconfig = true;
embeddedLanguageFormatting = "auto";
endOfLine = "lf";
# experimentalTernaries = false;
htmlWhitespaceSensitivity = "css";
insertPragma = false;
jsxSingleQuote = true;
printWidth = 80;
proseWrap = "always";
quoteProps = "consistent";
requirePragma = false;
semi = true;
singleAttributePerLine = true;
singleQuote = true;
trailingComma = "all";
useTabs = false;
vueIndentScriptAndStyle = false;
tabWidth = 4;
overrides = {
files = ["*.js"];
options.tabwidth = 2;
};
};
};
stylua.enable = true;
ruff = {
enable = true;
format = true;
};
taplo.enable = true;
};
settings = {
global.excludes = [
"CHANGELOG.md"
"NEWS.md"
];
formatter = {
clang-format = {
options = ["--style" "GNU"];
};
shfmt = {
includes = ["*.bash"];
};
};
};
}
)