noxos (docs): merged 'proc' docs from .wiki
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---
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title: "proc"
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---
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The general processing structure is a bit more complex,
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so I've split the schematics into multiple parts.
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Processes Schematic:
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```
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+----------------+
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| Kernel Process | <----+
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| [Threads] | |
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+----------------+ |
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| [Parent]
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[Childs] |
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| +--------+--------+
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v / \
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+-----------+ +-----------+
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| Process 1 | --[Next]-> | Process 2 |
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| [Threads] | <-[Prev]-- | [Threads] | . . .
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+-----------+ +-----------+
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| |
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[Childs] [Childs]
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| |
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v v
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. . . . . .
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```
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Thread Schematics (processes view):
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```
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+---------+
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| Process | <-------+
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+---------+ |
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| [Process]
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[Threads] |
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| +--------+--------+
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v / \
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+----------+ +----------+
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| Thread 1 | --[LocalNext]-> | Thread 2 |
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| | <-[LocalPrev]-- | | . . .
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+----------+ +----------+
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```
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Thread schematics (schedulers view):
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```
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[RunningThread]
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v
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+----------+ +----------+ +----------+
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+---> | Thread 1 | --[GlobalNext]-> | Thread 2 | --[GlobalNext]-> | Thread 3 | . . . ----+
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| +-- | | <-[GlobalPrev]-- | | <-[GlobalPrev]-- | | . . . <-+ |
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| | +----------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
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| | | |
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| +------------------------------------[GlobalPrev]------------------------------------+ |
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+--------------------------------------[GlobalNext]--------------------------------------+
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```
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---
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title: "process.h"
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summary: "processes are the containers, in which threads are organized"
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---
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# `MAX_THREADS_PER_PROCESS` - macro
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The maximum amount of threads a process can have.
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This limitation is just for the bitmap,
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the overall processing structure would be capable of processes with unlimited threads, in theory.
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# `THREAD_ID_INVALID` - macro
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If [process_get_thread_id](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_get_thread_idprocess---function-int32_t) returns this, the process can't spawn one more thread.
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# `pid_t` - typedef
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A typedef for `uint32_t`, used for process identification.
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Such an identification number is also called `pid`.
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# `processes_standard_E` - enum
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These are standard pids
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- **None** - This pid is invalid, like `NULL` is an invalid pointer
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- **Kernel** - The kernels' main process
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# `process_T` - struct
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| Name | Type | Description |
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|-------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
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| name | char[128] | The processes' name |
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| id | pid_t | The process-identification number |
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| chunk | void* | A pointer to the chunk, where the process is stored in |
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| chunk_id | uint32_t | The processes id inside of its chunk |
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| page_map | [page_map_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/mm/page_map.h/#page_map_t---struct-page-aligned)* | The processes page map. |
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| executable | [elf_executable_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/drivers/elf/elf.h/#elf_executable_t---struct)* | The processes executable |
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| num_threads | uint32_t | The amount of spawned threads, that belong to the process |
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| threads | void* | A pointer to the processes' first thread |
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| thread_ids | bitmap_T(reference needed) | This bitmap keeps track of the local thread ids the process has |
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| parent | [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct)* | The process, that spawned this process |
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| childs | [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct)* | A pointer to the processes' first child process |
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| prev | [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct)* | The previous process |
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| next | [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct)* | The next process |
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# `process_kernel_spawn(executable)` - function (void)
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Spawns the kernels' main process.
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**Warning:** this should only be called once, when initializing the scheduler!
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# `process_spawn(parent, name, executable, buffer)` - function (pid_t)
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Spawns a process named **_name_** as child of **_parent_** and returns its pid.
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The process gets its own page map with the mappings specified in **_executable_**.
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In order to apply these mappings, this function needs the **_buffer_** where the executable was loaded from.
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# `process_get_thread_id(process)` - function (int32_t)
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Searches for a free thread id in the process.
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If it finds one it returns it, else it returns [THREAD_ID_INVALID](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#thread_id_invalid---macro).
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# `process_clear_thread_id(process, id)` - function (void)
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Frees the thread **_id_** and makes it request-able again.
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# `process_kill_pid(pid)` - function (void)
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Resolves the pids process and performs `process_kill` on it.
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# `process_kill(process)` - function (void)
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Kills **_process_** and all of its threads and child processes.
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This will also destruct the `executable` and `page_map` associated with **_process_**.
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---
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title: "scheduler.h"
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summary: "the scheduler is responsible for switching between threads and controlling processes"
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---
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#### `scheduler_processes_chunk_T` - struct
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These chunks are a combination of static array and linked list.
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They store the [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct) pointer for each valid `pid_t`.
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[scheduler_processes_chunk_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/scheduler.h/#scheduler_processes_chunk_t---struct)
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| Name | Type | Description |
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|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| processes | [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct)** | The array of process pointers |
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| processes_bitmap | bitmap_T(reference needed) | If a bit in this bitmap is set, the _processes_ entry with the same index is valid |
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| num_free_pids | uint32_t | The amount of free slots in this chunk |
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| prev | [scheduler_processes_chunk_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/scheduler.h/#scheduler_processes_chunk_t---struct)* | The previous chunk |
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| next | [scheduler_processes_chunk_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/scheduler.h/#scheduler_processes_chunk_t---struct)* | The next chunk |
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#### `scheduler_T` - struct
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| Name | Type | Description |
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|----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| num_threads | uint32_t | Total amount of currently spawned threads |
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| num_processes | uint32_t | Total amount of currently spawned processes |
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| running_thread | [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct)* | A pointer to the currently running thread. |
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| processes | [scheduler_processes_chunk_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/scheduler.h/#scheduler_processes_chunk_t---struct)* | The first processes store chunk |
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| blocked | bool | Set to true, while switching the context. Thread safety mechanism. |
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| initialized | bool | Set to true, if the scheduler is initialized and started. |
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#### `scheduler_init(boot_info)` - function (void)
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Initializes the scheduler and performs a `nx_scheduler_start` kernel syscall.
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**_boot_info_** is needed in to spawn the kernels' main process.
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After this function, the whole kernel is in scheduling mode.
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#### `scheduler_start(state)` - function (cpu_state_T*)
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Creates and starts a thread from **_state_**.
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It returns the result of a context switch, I forgot, why I did it like that.
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This is basically the backend for the `nx_scheduler_start` kernel syscall.
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#### `scheduler_is_initialized()` - function (bool)
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Returns if the scheduler is initialized (and running) or not.
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#### `scheduler_dump_info(process, indent)` - function (void)
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This recursively lists information(pid, name, threads) for all child processes of **_process_**.
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**_indent_** is used intern for the recursive calls and should be set to 0 initially.
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#### `scheduler_register_thread(thread)` - function (thread_T*)
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Registers **_thread_** in the scheduler.
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#### `scheduler_pause_thread(thread)` - function (void)
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Pauses **_thread_**, by removing it from the scheduling queue.
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**Potential Bug:** if **_thread_** was the currently running thread,
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this could cause issues, because it's _prev_ and _next_ values are nulled.
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#### `scheduler_start_thread(thread)` - function (void)
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Starts **_thread_**, by linking it into the scheduling queue.
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#### `scheduler_kill_thread(thread)` - function (void)
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Pauses and unregisters **_thread_**.
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#### `scheduler_register_process(process)` - function (pid_t)
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Reqisters **_process_** and returns its pid.
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#### `scheduler_kill_process(process)` - function (void)
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Kills **_process_** and its threads and childs.
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#### `scheduler_get_process(pid)` - function (process_T*)
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Returns the `process_T` pointer that is associated with **_pid_**.
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#### `scheduler_get_current_thread()` - function (thread_T*)
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Returns a pointer to the currently running thread.
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#### `scheduler_get_current_process()` - function (process_T*)
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Returns a pointer to the currently running threads process.
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#### `scheduler_switch_context(state)` - function (cpu_state_T*)
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Saves **_state_** in the running threads _state_ value and increments their _cpu_time_ value.
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Then it sets the next thread as the running thread and returns its _state_.
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This needs to be called from an interrupt handler, for the returned state to be loaded.
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---
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title: "thread.h"
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summary: "threading infrastructure"
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---
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# `thread_T` - struct
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| Name | Type | Description |
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|-------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| state | [cpu_state_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/platform/cpu.h/#cpu_state_t---struct)* | The last saved state of the thread ( -> _context switching_(reference needed)) |
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| cpu_time | uint64_t | The amount of cpu time the thread had. (currently the amount of context switches the thread had) |
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| stack | void* | The bottom of the threads stack |
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| stack_size | uint32_t | The size of the threads stack (in bytes) |
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| process | [process_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/process.h/#process_t---struct)* | The process, to which the thread belongs to |
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| global_prev | [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct)* | The previous thread in the scheduling queue (**should only be accessed by the scheduler!**) |
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| global_next | [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct)* | The next thread in the scheduling queue (**should only be accessed by the scheduler!**) |
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| local_prev | [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct)* | The previous thread of _process_ (**should only be accessed by the scheduler!**) |
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| local_next | [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct)* | The next thread of _process_ (**should only be accessed by the scheduler!**) |
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| local_id | uint32_t | The threads id in its process |
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# `thread_spawn(function)` - function (thread_T*)
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Allocates a [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct) and registers it in the scheduler.
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The thread starts execution at **_function_**.
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The for the thread allocated stack has a size of 16 KB (4 Pages).
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The thread still needs to be started with [thread_start](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_startthread---function-void).
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Returns a pointer to the created thread.
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# `thread_spawn_from_state(state)` - function (thread_T*)
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Allocates a [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct) and registers it in the scheduler.
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The threads' _cpu_state_ is copied from **_state_**.
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This won't allocate a stack for the stack.
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The thread still needs to be started with [thread_start](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_startthread---function-void).
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Returns a pointer to the created thread.
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This function should be avoided.
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# `thread_start(thread)` - function (void)
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Starts/unpauses **_thread_**.
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# `thread_pause(thread)` - function (void)
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Pauses **_thread_**.
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# `thread_kill(thread)` - function (void)
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Kills **_thread_**.
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The threads stack and [thread_T](https://nerdcult.net/projects/noxos/docs/codebase/proc/thread.h/#thread_t---struct) structure will be freed.
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